FPM-309 Production and properties of common engineering materials: Ferrous metals, iron ores, properties and uses of pig iron, cast iron, wrought iron, steel, standard processes of manufacturing of Iron and steel, open hearth process, basic oxygen processes, production of ingots. Composition/properties and uses of plastics, rubber, fibre glass and composite materials. Alloy steel and Irons: Effect of alloying elements, the AISI/SAE alloy steel and their identification, corrosion resistant steel, steel for high temperature services, alloy steel. Non-ferrous metals: Properties and uses of copper, aluminum, zinc, tin, nickel, and lead. Non-ferrous alloys, copper alloys. Aluminum alloys, zinc base alloys, nickel base alloys. Lead-tin alloys, iron-carbon equilibrium diagram Heat treatment: Heat treatment theory and process, heat treatment of steel, annealing, hardening, tempering, normalizing, surface hardening, quenching, heat treatment equipment. Welding: Definition, types of welding process, survey of welding equipment. Arc welding; Current rating, welding materials, arc welding processes, inspection and testing of welded joints. Gas welding; Welding flames and materials, cutting of metals, gas welding processes. Foundry: Definition, importance, advantages and disadvantages of foundry, casting, hand moulding tools, characteristics of moulding sand, foundry cores, properties of core and, crucibles, handling and care, copula furnace, construction, zone of copula and its advantages. Safety and First Aid: Safety in the shop, mechanical and other accidents, safety devices, safety methods, first aid equipment and methods, care and order in the workshop. Practical • Identification of tools and machines in the workshop. • Identification of different metals by spark tests and advance methods. • Demonstration of different heat treatment processes. • Practice of arc welding. • Practice of gas welding. • Safety and first aid in the workshop related to electrical, mechanical and • other accidents. Safety in the use of hand tools. • Visits to local foundries. Books Recommended 1. Chapman, W.A.J. 2004. Workshop Technology Part-I.and II. Viva Books Private Ltd., India. 2. Rao.P.N. 2002. Manufacturing Technology: metal cutting and machine tools. Tata McGraw Hill Co. Ltd. New Delhi, India 3. Ostwald, P. H. and J. Munoz. 2002. Manufacturing Processes and systems. 9th edition John wiley and Sons, New York. USA. 4. Havey, D. Miner. 1999. Exploring Pattern Making and Foundry. The MacMillan Co. N.Y., USA. FPM-308 Graphics instruments and their use, Construction geometry. Orthographic and Isometric drawings and sketching. Sectional views and conventions. Pictorial drawing and sketching. Dimensions and tolerances. Lines and planes explored. Developed views. Introduction to Design. Production drawings. Introduction to Computer Aided Drawing (CAD). Practical Production drawings of different machine parts and assemblies. Books Recommended 1. French, T.E. and Vierch, C.J. 2000. A Manual of Engineering Drawing, McGraw Hill Book Co. New York. 2. Parkinson A.C. 1998. A First year Engineering Drawing, Sir Isaac Pitman and Sons Ltd., England. 3. James, H. Earle. 1992. Engineering Design Graphics, Addison-Wisley Publishing Co. Reoding Massachusetts. FPM-407 Introduction and objectives of farm machinery: Implement types, mechanical and hydraulic power transmission. Implement hitching, traction, and testing: Principles of hitching, types of hitches, control of hitches; tyre types, soil compaction; traction aids. Soil Tillage: objectives, types of tillage, tillage implements, adjustments of implements tillage implements, mechanics of tillage tools, performance of tillage tools. Crop Planting: Introduction; methods and equipment, functional processes; evaluating seed drill and planter performance, metering mechanisms. Chemical and Fertilizer application: Introduction; methods, distributors, broadcasters, liquid chemicals application, performance evaluation of chemical application equipment; types of sprayers, selection of sprayers, sprayer calibrations. Harvesting:- Introduction, time and moisture contents at the time of harvesting for wheat and rice. Adjustments and applications of various harvesting machine. Practicals • Introduction to farm machinery. • Review of different systems of a farm tractor. • Hitching & de-hitching practice of implements behind. • Performance evaluation of a mould-board plow, disk-plow, cultivator and off-set disk-harrow. • Calculation of pulverization index of selected tillage implement • Performance evaluation of a field cultivator • Calibration of a seed drill/planter • Visit to Agri. Engg. Workshops • Operation and maintenance of harvesting machines. Books Recommended 1. Kepner, R. A., R. Bainer,and E.L. Barger. 2000 Principles of Farm Machinery, John Willey and sons, N.Y. 2. Hunt, D. 2003. Farm Power and Machinery Management. Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, USA. 3. Suresh, R. and S. Kumar. 2004. Farm power and machinery engineering. Standard Publishers, New Delhi, India. 4. Srivastava, A.K., C.E. Goering, and R.P. Rohrbach. 1993. Engineering Principles of Agricultural Machines. ASAE Text Book No. 6. FPM-410 Introduction: History of engine development, engine cycles, principles ofoperation, types of engines. Principal parts of engine: Functions, construction, cylinder, cylinder heads, liner, crank case, piston, connecting rod, crank shaft, clutch, flywheel, valves and their operation, valve mechanism. Fuels and combustion: Types of engine fuels, fuel tests and their significance, gasoline tests, antiknock test, octane number, volatility, Reid vapour pressure, sulphur content, gun content, heat values, gasoline additives.Engine emissions and their analysis. Fuel System: major components of fuel systems (petrol / diesel), carburettor, fuel injection pump, injector/nozzles, electronic fuel injection, governing system, trouble shooting, calibration of fuel injection pump. Ignition system: Types of ignition, spark, magneto and compression ignition, induction coils, distributor, spark plug, contact-breaker points, condenser, trouble shooting. Cooling system: Types, principle of operation, parts of air/water cooling system, line diagram, radiator, thermostat, water pump, fan, engine heating, repair and maintenance, types of coolants. Lubrication system: Types, principle of operation, components of lubrication systems, line diagram, types of lubricants, trouble shooting. Electrical System: A.C. and D.C. voltage, alternator/dynamo, battery, battery charging and maintenance, self starter, electrical gauges and controls, line diagram, repair and maintenance. Intake and exhaust system: Air intake system, air cleaner, supper charger, turbo charger, inter-cooling, and construction of intake and exhaust anifolds, mufflers, flue gases. Practical • Study of main components of engine and engine types. • Study of valve system and its adjustments. • Demonstration of fuel system, cooling system and electrical system of tractor. • Measurement of air pressure/air fuel ratio in each cylinder of engine. • Fuel injector, pump adjustment and calibration. • Demonstration of engine lubrication system. • Servicing of a single cylinder diesel engine. • Removal of air lock of a diesel engine. • Battery testing for charging/discharging. • Engine diagnostics-analysis of engine emissions using gas analyzer, multi- scan, etc. • Tour to tractor industry (Millat Tractors Limited, Al-Ghazi Tractors, Ltd) Books Recommended 1. Single,R.K.2004. Internal Combustion Engines. S.K.Katana & Sons, Dehli, India. 2. S.C. Jain and C.R. Rai. 2000. Farm Tractor Maintenance and Repair, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company Limited, New Delhi. 3. Halderman, J. C. D. Mitchell. 2005. Automotive Engines: theory and servicing.5th ed. Pearson Prentice Hall, Singapore. 4. Promersberger and Bishop. 1996. Farm Power. Prentice Hall Inc. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey U.S.A 5. Paul W.G. James, H.Smith Jr and E.J.Ziruys. 1995. Fundamentals of Internal Combustion Engines, 4th Ed. Oxford & IBH Publishing Company (Pvt) Ltd.New Dehli. FPM-503 Turning and related operations: Lathe, construction, types of lathes, accessories, lathe operations, turret lathe; construction, types, turret lathe tooling, chip formation, mechanism of chip formation, cutting tool materials, tool failure and tool life. Shaping and planning: shaper; classifications, functions, shaper drive mechanism, shaper speeds and machining times, planning, construction and types, work set up, planer tools, metal bending and sheet rolling processes. Drilling and reaming: Drilling; types and sizes, drill chucks. Counter boring, counter sinking, reaming, drilling machine types, and estimating drillingtime. Milling: Definition, milling operations, milling cutters, milling machines types, size, accessories, dividing head, estimating milling time. Gear manufacturing: Gear terminology, gear types, basic methods for machining gears. Computer- aided manufacturing (CAM) and computer- integrated manufacturing (CIM) Systems: Machine tools control, numerical control system, computerized numerical control system (CNC) programming for numerical control. Automatic machines, transfer machines, computer aided-manufacturing (CAM), computer simulation of manufacturing process and system. Automated assembly use of mechanical hands/Industrial Robots, concept of computer-integrated automation system (unmanned factory) Practical • Fabrication of various machine elements using lathe. • Making a slot on a shaft for a cotter pin using shaper and milling machines • Cutting threads using milling and lathe machines • Making holes in machine parts using drilling machines. • Making bends of metal sheet using sheet rolling machines • Fabrication of a given agricultural machinery part. • Local visits to agricultural Machinery Manufacturing Industries. Books Recommended 1. Chapman, W.A.J. 2004. Workshop Technology Part-I.and II. Viva Books Private Ltd., India. 2. Kalpakjin, S. and Schmid, R. S. 2004. Manufacturing engineering and technology.4th ed. Tata McGraw Hill Co. Ltd., New Delhi, India 3. Ostwald, P. H. and J. Munoz. 2002. Manufacturing Processes and systems. 9th edition,John Wiley and Sons, New York. USA., 4. Rao, P. N. 2005. CAD/CAM - Principles and applications. 2nd ed. Tata McGraw Hill Co. Ltd. New Delhi, India FPM-513 Heating and expansion of gases. Units of heat, gases and vapours, constant volume and constant pressure, P-V diagram, specific heat of gases, internal energy of gas, law of conservation of energy, methods of heating and expanding gases and vapours, work done by gas in expanding. Laws of perfect gases: The two laws of thermodynamics, the heating of gases, equations for different types of heating methods. Air cycles: Cycles of operation, air standard efficiency of a cycle, reversible process, reversible cycles, reversibility and efficiency, Carnot cycle, Otto cycle, diesel cycle, mean effective pressure. Entropy of gases: Entropy and heat, T-S diagrams, Carnot, Otto, diesel and dual combustion cycles on T-S diagrams. Air compressors: functions, compressor types, , reciprocating and rotary compressors, single and multistage compressors, cylinder clearance, work done, compressor efficiency. Compound expansion: advantages of compound expansion, tandem type of two-cylinder compound engine, receiver type compound engine; combined indicator diagram for compound engine, Calculations for cylinder uniflow engine. Fuels: Combustion of fuels, properties of fuels - viscosity, pour point, flash point, calorific value, API gravity, conversion of volumetric analysis, analysis by weight, weight of carbon in burnt gases, weight of air required for complete combustion of fuel, weight of flue gases per pound of fuel burnt, weight of excess air supplied, method of analyzing flue gases, heat carried away by flue gases, volumetric analysis of a gas, air fuel ratio for I.C. Engine. Refrigeration: Co efficient of performance, units of refrigeration, air compression refrigeration, vapour compression refrigeration, refrigeration cycles, rating, quality of refrigerant and general considerations, components of refrigeration system, heat pumps. Practicals • Study of working principles of two stroke and four stroke engines using models. • Demonstration of Joule's law. • Study of rotary and reciprocating air compressors and their characteristic curves. • Study of PV diagram of diesel/gasoline engines. • Analysis of engine flue gases for CO, CO2, NO2, etc. • Determination of energy content of different fuels using calorimeter. • Study of heat transfer using refrigeration and air conditioning cycle. • Measurement of fuel viscosity using viscometer. • Determination of flash point and fire point of different petroleum products. Books Recommended 1. Khurmi, R.S. and J.K. Gupta. 2000. Thermal Engineering. S. Chand & Co. Ltd., New Dehli, India. 2. Sontagg, R. E. and G. J. Van Wylen. 2003. Fundamentals of thermodynamics. 6th ed , John Willey and Sons, Inc. New York, USA. 3. Jones, J.B. and Hawkais, G.A.2002. Engineering Thermodynamics. John Willey and Sons, Inc. N.Y., USA. 4. Lewitt L. H. 2002. Thermodynamics applied to heat engines, Issac Pitman and Sons, London. 5. Eastop, T. D. 2004. Applied thermodynamics for engineering and technologists. 5th Ed. Pearson Education Singapore. FPM-512 Introduction: Mechanical engineering design, design types and requirements, stress formulas and diagrams, factor of safety, materials, failures-theories, variable load and stress concentration, engineering properties of materials, materials specification and selection, velocity and acceleration diagrams, balancing of revolving masses. Flexible power transmitting elements: Flat and V-belts, design consideration, belt slip and creep, velocity ratio, length of belt and power transmitted by belt, design of belt pulleys, ropes and rope drives, roller chain and drives, flexible shafting, universal joints. Shaft design: Introduction, bending forces produced by belts and cams, design of shaft for strength, shaft sizes and materials, hollow, round and square shafts, torsional and transverse deflection, vibration and critical speeds of shafts, design of crankshaft and connecting rod, ASME code for shafts.Clutches, Brakes and Couplings. Positive contact clutches frictional clutches and brakes, friction materials, design of internal expanding and external contracting brakes, rigid and flexible couplings, hydraulic couplings. Mechanical Springs: spring types (helical and leaf), stresses in springs, spring material, spring selection. Bolted, riveted and Welded Joints: Stresses in bolted, riveted and welded joints, preloading of bolted joints, stresses in keys, pins and cotters. Cams: Types of followers and cams, geometry of cams, displacement diagrams and layout of cam curves, forces in cams and followers, strength of cams and followers Bearings: types of bearings- journal and roller bearings, hydrodynamic lubrication, geometric relations for a journal bearing, bearing loads, design and selection of bearings. Gears: Introduction, gear types, synthesis of spur gear, parallel helical gears, worm gears, straight and spiral bevel gears, differentials, gear tooth loads, tooth stress, stress concentration. Practical • Sketching free body diagrams of given machine elements. • Demonstration of axial, shear and torsion loads. • Determination of modulus of elasticity of a material using universal testing machine • Determination of modulus of rigidity using torsion testing machine. • Study of failure of screws fastener and riveted joints. • Determination of spring constant & end conditions. • Use of strain gauges for measuring stresses and torque. • Design of shafts and cams using AutoCAD and computer simulation. Books Recommended 1. Shigley, J.E. C. R. Mischke and R. G. Budynas. 2004. Mechanical Engineering design. 7th ed. McGraw Hill Co., New York 2. Spotts, M.F. 2003. Design of Machine Elements. Prentice Hall Inc. N.J., USA 3. Faires, W.M. 1996. Design of Machine Elements. The Mc. William Book Co., New York.. 4. Cray Krutz. 1994. Design of Agri. Machinery. John Willey and Sons. N.Y. 5. Khurmi R. S. 2004. A text book of machine design, Eurasia Publishing House (Pvt.) Limited 7361 Ramnagar , New Delhi. FPM-601 Machine performance: Machines capacities; time efficiency; machine manoeuvrability; field patterns, factors effecting machine performance. Power performance: Tractor power; draw bar power; PTO power, hydraulic power, power measurement; tractor tests, Nebraska Tractor Tests. Ergonomics: Introduction, operator skill, operator aids for control, machine sensors, GPS role in machine control, operator safety and environment Machinery Management: Machinery costs - ownership costs, operating costs, and timeliness costs; machinery selection and replacement. Optimization: optimum use of machine, estimation of power for a machine, part load operation, break even point, linear programming. Hay and Forage harvesting: Mechanics of cutting plants; mowers; mover conditioners, balers; impact cutting; curing and preservation of forage; wind rowing. Grain harvesting: Introduction, methods and equipment, reaper and windrowing; types of threshers, threshing cylinders, threshing losses, combine harvesting: types of cutting heads and tracks for different crops(wheat, rice, maize, sunflower), functional processes - gathering, cutting, pickup, feeding, threshing, separation, cleaning; combine losses and adjustments, performance evaluations. Special crop machines: Cotton harvester; maize harvester; sugarcane harvester; potato harvester. Precision Farming: Introduction, precision farming methods, precision equipment- laser land leveling, sensors, variable rate application, role of GIS and GPS in precision farming Practicals • Measurement of Drawbar and PTO power of a tractor. • Calculation of field capacity of selected farm machinery. • Demonstration of reaper and thresher. • Demonstration of combine harvester. • Measurement of combine losses. • Measurement of maturity level of crop. • Thresher and Combine adjustments to solve grain breakage problem. • Study of cost analysis of combine harvesting. • Demonstration of laser land leveller and its adjustments. • Demonstration of GPS for precision farming. Books Recommended 1. Hunt, D. 2003. Farm Power and Machinery Management. Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, USA. 2. Kepner, R. A., R. Bainer,and E.L. Barger. 2000 Principles of Farm Machinery, John Willey and sons, N.Y 3. Suresh, R. and S. Kumar. 2004. Farm power and machinery engineering. Standard Publishers, New Delhi, India 4. Klenin Popov & Sakun, 1995. Agricultural Machines. Kolos Publishers Moscow, U.S. S.R. FPM-602 Review of Machines: Classification of off-road power machines. Objectives, and scope of off-road machines, productivity of labor, and machines, effective productivity. Techno-economical factors, effect of compressibility, resistance of cutting and its effect. Bulldozer: Role of bulldozer in earth work, mechanical operation, development of bulldozer, working organ of bulldozers, tractive force, excavators, methods of excavation of earth work. Uni-cup excavator, productivity and types of Uni-cup excavator, trenchers, backhoe, trench plows, wheel trenchers, applications, parts, factor affecting, performance of machines, selection of machines. Digging speeds, characteristics of the machines. Graders and auto graders, cranes, scrapers. Maintenance of Off-road machines, endless type drainage trenching machines, chain trenchers, loaders, tractor hydraulic loaders, types, application of loaders. LASER beam technology, comparison of crawler and wheel types tractors. Practical Visit of Agriculture Engineering and Machinery Management Workshops. Report Writing. Books Recommended 1. Wong, Willey. 1984. Theory of Ground Vehicle. McGraw Hill Co. New York. 2. Bainer, R., B.A. Kepner and E.L. Barger. 1992. Principles of Farm Machinery, John Willey and Sons Inc. New York.
FPM-309 Production and properties of common engineering materials: Ferrous metals, iron ores, properties and uses of pig iron, cast iron, wrought iron, steel, standard processes of manufacturing of Iron and steel, open hearth process, basic oxygen processes, production of ingots. Composition/properties and uses of plastics, rubber, fibre glass and composite materials. Alloy steel and Irons: Effect of alloying elements, the AISI/SAE alloy steel and their identification, corrosion resistant steel, steel for high temperature services, alloy steel. Non-ferrous metals: Properties and uses of copper, aluminum, zinc, tin, nickel, and lead. Non-ferrous alloys, copper alloys. Aluminum alloys, zinc base alloys, nickel base alloys. Lead-tin alloys, iron-carbon equilibrium diagram Heat treatment: Heat treatment theory and process, heat treatment of steel, annealing, hardening, tempering, normalizing, surface hardening, quenching, heat treatment equipment. Welding: Definition, types of welding process, survey of welding equipment. Arc welding; Current rating, welding materials, arc welding processes, inspection and testing of welded joints. Gas welding; Welding flames and materials, cutting of metals, gas welding processes. Foundry: Definition, importance, advantages and disadvantages of foundry, casting, hand moulding tools, characteristics of moulding sand, foundry cores, properties of core and, crucibles, handling and care, copula furnace, construction, zone of copula and its advantages. Safety and First Aid: Safety in the shop, mechanical and other accidents, safety devices, safety methods, first aid equipment and methods, care and order in the workshop.
Practical • Identification of tools and machines in the workshop. • Identification of different metals by spark tests and advance methods. • Demonstration of different heat treatment processes. • Practice of arc welding. • Practice of gas welding. • Safety and first aid in the workshop related to electrical, mechanical and • other accidents. Safety in the use of hand tools. • Visits to local foundries. Books Recommended 1. Chapman, W.A.J. 2004. Workshop Technology Part-I.and II. Viva Books Private Ltd., India. 2. Rao.P.N. 2002. Manufacturing Technology: metal cutting and machine tools. Tata McGraw Hill Co. Ltd. New Delhi, India 3. Ostwald, P. H. and J. Munoz. 2002. Manufacturing Processes and systems. 9th edition John wiley and Sons, New York. USA. 4. Havey, D. Miner. 1999. Exploring Pattern Making and Foundry. The MacMillan Co. N.Y., USA.
FPM-308 Graphics instruments and their use, Construction geometry. Orthographic and Isometric drawings and sketching. Sectional views and conventions. Pictorial drawing and sketching. Dimensions and tolerances. Lines and planes explored. Developed views. Introduction to Design. Production drawings. Introduction to Computer Aided Drawing (CAD).
Practical Production drawings of different machine parts and assemblies.
Books Recommended 1. French, T.E. and Vierch, C.J. 2000. A Manual of Engineering Drawing, McGraw Hill Book Co. New York. 2. Parkinson A.C. 1998. A First year Engineering Drawing, Sir Isaac Pitman and Sons Ltd., England. 3. James, H. Earle. 1992. Engineering Design Graphics, Addison-Wisley Publishing Co. Reoding Massachusetts. FPM-407 Introduction and objectives of farm machinery: Implement types, mechanical and hydraulic power transmission. Implement hitching, traction, and testing: Principles of hitching, types of hitches, control of hitches; tyre types, soil compaction; traction aids. Soil Tillage: objectives, types of tillage, tillage implements, adjustments of implements tillage implements, mechanics of tillage tools, performance of tillage tools. Crop Planting: Introduction; methods and equipment, functional processes; evaluating seed drill and planter performance, metering mechanisms. Chemical and Fertilizer application: Introduction; methods, distributors, broadcasters, liquid chemicals application, performance evaluation of chemical application equipment; types of sprayers, selection of sprayers, sprayer calibrations. Harvesting:- Introduction, time and moisture contents at the time of harvesting for wheat and rice. Adjustments and applications of various harvesting machine.
Practicals • Introduction to farm machinery. • Review of different systems of a farm tractor. • Hitching & de-hitching practice of implements behind. • Performance evaluation of a mould-board plow, disk-plow, cultivator and off-set disk-harrow. • Calculation of pulverization index of selected tillage implement • Performance evaluation of a field cultivator • Calibration of a seed drill/planter • Visit to Agri. Engg. Workshops • Operation and maintenance of harvesting machines.
Books Recommended 1. Kepner, R. A., R. Bainer,and E.L. Barger. 2000 Principles of Farm Machinery, John Willey and sons, N.Y. 2. Hunt, D. 2003. Farm Power and Machinery Management. Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, USA. 3. Suresh, R. and S. Kumar. 2004. Farm power and machinery engineering. Standard Publishers, New Delhi, India. 4. Srivastava, A.K., C.E. Goering, and R.P. Rohrbach. 1993. Engineering Principles of Agricultural Machines. ASAE Text Book No. 6. FPM-410 Introduction: History of engine development, engine cycles, principles ofoperation, types of engines. Principal parts of engine: Functions, construction, cylinder, cylinder heads, liner, crank case, piston, connecting rod, crank shaft, clutch, flywheel, valves and their operation, valve mechanism. Fuels and combustion: Types of engine fuels, fuel tests and their significance, gasoline tests, antiknock test, octane number, volatility, Reid vapour pressure, sulphur content, gun content, heat values, gasoline additives.Engine emissions and their analysis. Fuel System: major components of fuel systems (petrol / diesel), carburettor, fuel injection pump, injector/nozzles, electronic fuel injection, governing system, trouble shooting, calibration of fuel injection pump. Ignition system: Types of ignition, spark, magneto and compression ignition, induction coils, distributor, spark plug, contact-breaker points, condenser, trouble shooting. Cooling system: Types, principle of operation, parts of air/water cooling system, line diagram, radiator, thermostat, water pump, fan, engine heating, repair and maintenance, types of coolants. Lubrication system: Types, principle of operation, components of lubrication systems, line diagram, types of lubricants, trouble shooting. Electrical System: A.C. and D.C. voltage, alternator/dynamo, battery, battery charging and maintenance, self starter, electrical gauges and controls, line diagram, repair and maintenance. Intake and exhaust system: Air intake system, air cleaner, supper charger, turbo charger, inter-cooling, and construction of intake and exhaust anifolds, mufflers, flue gases.
Practical • Study of main components of engine and engine types. • Study of valve system and its adjustments. • Demonstration of fuel system, cooling system and electrical system of tractor. • Measurement of air pressure/air fuel ratio in each cylinder of engine. • Fuel injector, pump adjustment and calibration. • Demonstration of engine lubrication system. • Servicing of a single cylinder diesel engine. • Removal of air lock of a diesel engine. • Battery testing for charging/discharging. • Engine diagnostics-analysis of engine emissions using gas analyzer, multi- scan, etc. • Tour to tractor industry (Millat Tractors Limited, Al-Ghazi Tractors, Ltd)
Books Recommended
1. Single,R.K.2004. Internal Combustion Engines. S.K.Katana & Sons, Dehli, India. 2. S.C. Jain and C.R. Rai. 2000. Farm Tractor Maintenance and Repair, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company Limited, New Delhi. 3. Halderman, J. C. D. Mitchell. 2005. Automotive Engines: theory and servicing.5th ed. Pearson Prentice Hall, Singapore. 4. Promersberger and Bishop. 1996. Farm Power. Prentice Hall Inc. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey U.S.A 5. Paul W.G. James, H.Smith Jr and E.J.Ziruys. 1995. Fundamentals of Internal Combustion Engines, 4th Ed. Oxford & IBH Publishing Company (Pvt) Ltd.New Dehli.
FPM-503 Turning and related operations: Lathe, construction, types of lathes, accessories, lathe operations, turret lathe; construction, types, turret lathe tooling, chip formation, mechanism of chip formation, cutting tool materials, tool failure and tool life. Shaping and planning: shaper; classifications, functions, shaper drive mechanism, shaper speeds and machining times, planning, construction and types, work set up, planer tools, metal bending and sheet rolling processes. Drilling and reaming: Drilling; types and sizes, drill chucks. Counter boring, counter sinking, reaming, drilling machine types, and estimating drillingtime. Milling: Definition, milling operations, milling cutters, milling machines types, size, accessories, dividing head, estimating milling time. Gear manufacturing: Gear terminology, gear types, basic methods for machining gears. Computer- aided manufacturing (CAM) and computer- integrated manufacturing (CIM) Systems: Machine tools control, numerical control system, computerized numerical control system (CNC) programming for numerical control. Automatic machines, transfer machines, computer aided-manufacturing (CAM), computer simulation of manufacturing process and system. Automated assembly use of mechanical hands/Industrial Robots, concept of computer-integrated automation system (unmanned factory)
Practical • Fabrication of various machine elements using lathe. • Making a slot on a shaft for a cotter pin using shaper and milling machines • Cutting threads using milling and lathe machines • Making holes in machine parts using drilling machines. • Making bends of metal sheet using sheet rolling machines • Fabrication of a given agricultural machinery part. • Local visits to agricultural Machinery Manufacturing Industries.
Books Recommended 1. Chapman, W.A.J. 2004. Workshop Technology Part-I.and II. Viva Books Private Ltd., India. 2. Kalpakjin, S. and Schmid, R. S. 2004. Manufacturing engineering and technology.4th ed. Tata McGraw Hill Co. Ltd., New Delhi, India 3. Ostwald, P. H. and J. Munoz. 2002. Manufacturing Processes and systems. 9th edition,John Wiley and Sons, New York. USA., 4. Rao, P. N. 2005. CAD/CAM - Principles and applications. 2nd ed. Tata McGraw Hill Co. Ltd. New Delhi, India FPM-513 Heating and expansion of gases. Units of heat, gases and vapours, constant volume and constant pressure, P-V diagram, specific heat of gases, internal energy of gas, law of conservation of energy, methods of heating and expanding gases and vapours, work done by gas in expanding. Laws of perfect gases: The two laws of thermodynamics, the heating of gases, equations for different types of heating methods. Air cycles: Cycles of operation, air standard efficiency of a cycle, reversible process, reversible cycles, reversibility and efficiency, Carnot cycle, Otto cycle, diesel cycle, mean effective pressure. Entropy of gases: Entropy and heat, T-S diagrams, Carnot, Otto, diesel and dual combustion cycles on T-S diagrams. Air compressors: functions, compressor types, , reciprocating and rotary compressors, single and multistage compressors, cylinder clearance, work done, compressor efficiency. Compound expansion: advantages of compound expansion, tandem type of two-cylinder compound engine, receiver type compound engine; combined indicator diagram for compound engine, Calculations for cylinder uniflow engine. Fuels: Combustion of fuels, properties of fuels - viscosity, pour point, flash point, calorific value, API gravity, conversion of volumetric analysis, analysis by weight, weight of carbon in burnt gases, weight of air required for complete combustion of fuel, weight of flue gases per pound of fuel burnt, weight of excess air supplied, method of analyzing flue gases, heat carried away by flue gases, volumetric analysis of a gas, air fuel ratio for I.C. Engine. Refrigeration: Co efficient of performance, units of refrigeration, air compression refrigeration, vapour compression refrigeration, refrigeration cycles, rating, quality of refrigerant and general considerations, components of refrigeration system, heat pumps.
Practicals • Study of working principles of two stroke and four stroke engines using models. • Demonstration of Joule's law. • Study of rotary and reciprocating air compressors and their characteristic curves. • Study of PV diagram of diesel/gasoline engines. • Analysis of engine flue gases for CO, CO2, NO2, etc. • Determination of energy content of different fuels using calorimeter. • Study of heat transfer using refrigeration and air conditioning cycle. • Measurement of fuel viscosity using viscometer. • Determination of flash point and fire point of different petroleum products.
Books Recommended 1. Khurmi, R.S. and J.K. Gupta. 2000. Thermal Engineering. S. Chand & Co. Ltd., New Dehli, India. 2. Sontagg, R. E. and G. J. Van Wylen. 2003. Fundamentals of thermodynamics. 6th ed , John Willey and Sons, Inc. New York, USA. 3. Jones, J.B. and Hawkais, G.A.2002. Engineering Thermodynamics. John Willey and Sons, Inc. N.Y., USA. 4. Lewitt L. H. 2002. Thermodynamics applied to heat engines, Issac Pitman and Sons, London. 5. Eastop, T. D. 2004. Applied thermodynamics for engineering and technologists. 5th Ed. Pearson Education Singapore. FPM-512 Introduction: Mechanical engineering design, design types and requirements, stress formulas and diagrams, factor of safety, materials, failures-theories, variable load and stress concentration, engineering properties of materials, materials specification and selection, velocity and acceleration diagrams, balancing of revolving masses. Flexible power transmitting elements: Flat and V-belts, design consideration, belt slip and creep, velocity ratio, length of belt and power transmitted by belt, design of belt pulleys, ropes and rope drives, roller chain and drives, flexible shafting, universal joints. Shaft design: Introduction, bending forces produced by belts and cams, design of shaft for strength, shaft sizes and materials, hollow, round and square shafts, torsional and transverse deflection, vibration and critical speeds of shafts, design of crankshaft and connecting rod, ASME code for shafts.Clutches, Brakes and Couplings. Positive contact clutches frictional clutches and brakes, friction materials, design of internal expanding and external contracting brakes, rigid and flexible couplings, hydraulic couplings. Mechanical Springs: spring types (helical and leaf), stresses in springs, spring material, spring selection. Bolted, riveted and Welded Joints: Stresses in bolted, riveted and welded joints, preloading of bolted joints, stresses in keys, pins and cotters. Cams: Types of followers and cams, geometry of cams, displacement diagrams and layout of cam curves, forces in cams and followers, strength of cams and followers Bearings: types of bearings- journal and roller bearings, hydrodynamic lubrication, geometric relations for a journal bearing, bearing loads, design and selection of bearings. Gears: Introduction, gear types, synthesis of spur gear, parallel helical gears, worm gears, straight and spiral bevel gears, differentials, gear tooth loads, tooth stress, stress concentration.
Practical • Sketching free body diagrams of given machine elements. • Demonstration of axial, shear and torsion loads. • Determination of modulus of elasticity of a material using universal testing machine • Determination of modulus of rigidity using torsion testing machine. • Study of failure of screws fastener and riveted joints. • Determination of spring constant & end conditions. • Use of strain gauges for measuring stresses and torque. • Design of shafts and cams using AutoCAD and computer simulation.
Books Recommended 1. Shigley, J.E. C. R. Mischke and R. G. Budynas. 2004. Mechanical Engineering design. 7th ed. McGraw Hill Co., New York 2. Spotts, M.F. 2003. Design of Machine Elements. Prentice Hall Inc. N.J., USA 3. Faires, W.M. 1996. Design of Machine Elements. The Mc. William Book Co., New York.. 4. Cray Krutz. 1994. Design of Agri. Machinery. John Willey and Sons. N.Y. 5. Khurmi R. S. 2004. A text book of machine design, Eurasia Publishing House (Pvt.) Limited 7361 Ramnagar , New Delhi. FPM-601 Machine performance: Machines capacities; time efficiency; machine manoeuvrability; field patterns, factors effecting machine performance. Power performance: Tractor power; draw bar power; PTO power, hydraulic power, power measurement; tractor tests, Nebraska Tractor Tests. Ergonomics: Introduction, operator skill, operator aids for control, machine sensors, GPS role in machine control, operator safety and environment Machinery Management: Machinery costs - ownership costs, operating costs, and timeliness costs; machinery selection and replacement. Optimization: optimum use of machine, estimation of power for a machine, part load operation, break even point, linear programming. Hay and Forage harvesting: Mechanics of cutting plants; mowers; mover conditioners, balers; impact cutting; curing and preservation of forage; wind rowing. Grain harvesting: Introduction, methods and equipment, reaper and windrowing; types of threshers, threshing cylinders, threshing losses, combine harvesting: types of cutting heads and tracks for different crops(wheat, rice, maize, sunflower), functional processes - gathering, cutting, pickup, feeding, threshing, separation, cleaning; combine losses and adjustments, performance evaluations. Special crop machines: Cotton harvester; maize harvester; sugarcane harvester; potato harvester. Precision Farming: Introduction, precision farming methods, precision equipment- laser land leveling, sensors, variable rate application, role of GIS and GPS in precision farming
Practicals • Measurement of Drawbar and PTO power of a tractor. • Calculation of field capacity of selected farm machinery. • Demonstration of reaper and thresher. • Demonstration of combine harvester. • Measurement of combine losses. • Measurement of maturity level of crop. • Thresher and Combine adjustments to solve grain breakage problem. • Study of cost analysis of combine harvesting. • Demonstration of laser land leveller and its adjustments. • Demonstration of GPS for precision farming.
Books Recommended 1. Hunt, D. 2003. Farm Power and Machinery Management. Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, USA. 2. Kepner, R. A., R. Bainer,and E.L. Barger. 2000 Principles of Farm Machinery, John Willey and sons, N.Y 3. Suresh, R. and S. Kumar. 2004. Farm power and machinery engineering. Standard Publishers, New Delhi, India 4. Klenin Popov & Sakun, 1995. Agricultural Machines. Kolos Publishers Moscow, U.S. S.R. FPM-602 Review of Machines: Classification of off-road power machines. Objectives, and scope of off-road machines, productivity of labor, and machines, effective productivity. Techno-economical factors, effect of compressibility, resistance of cutting and its effect. Bulldozer: Role of bulldozer in earth work, mechanical operation, development of bulldozer, working organ of bulldozers, tractive force, excavators, methods of excavation of earth work. Uni-cup excavator, productivity and types of Uni-cup excavator, trenchers, backhoe, trench plows, wheel trenchers, applications, parts, factor affecting, performance of machines, selection of machines. Digging speeds, characteristics of the machines. Graders and auto graders, cranes, scrapers. Maintenance of Off-road machines, endless type drainage trenching machines, chain trenchers, loaders, tractor hydraulic loaders, types, application of loaders. LASER beam technology, comparison of crawler and wheel types tractors.
Practical
Visit of Agriculture Engineering and Machinery Management Workshops. Report Writing.
1. Wong, Willey. 1984. Theory of Ground Vehicle. McGraw Hill Co. New York. 2. Bainer, R., B.A. Kepner and E.L. Barger. 1992. Principles of Farm Machinery, John Willey and Sons Inc. New York.
© 2009, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam. All rights reserved
