FS-310
Stone: Stone and
its hardness, uses, classification
characteristics of good building stone,
important building stones, examination
and testing of stone.
Clay and clay products: Brick earths
and bricks, harmful constituents of
brick clays. Preparation and burning
of bricks, tests and characteristic
of good bricks, tiles and terra cotta.
Lime and Mortars:
Lime and its handling precaution,
lime classification and uses. Mortars,
type of mortars, object of mixing
sand in mortars and concrete, test
for mortars, precautions in the use
of mortar, grout, gypsum and plaster
of Paris. Cement; Different varieties
of cement, manufacture of cement,
dry and wet process practical test
of cement.
Aggregates: fine
and coarse aggregates, harmful materials,
functions of surkhi and sand in mortars.
Concrete: Lime concrete, cement concrete,
water cement ratio, proportioning
of concrete mixes, curing of concrete,
placing and compaction of concrete,
qualities of good concrete.
Timber: Definition,
classification of trees, growth of
timber trees and its structure, characteristics
of hard wood and soft wood, characteristics
of good timber, defects in timber,
felling, sawing and seasoning of timber,
characteristics and uses of common
trees, measurements.
Plastics: properties
of plastics, manufacture of commercial
plastic goods to be used in building
construction.
Tar, Bitumen and Asphalt: General
tar, road tar, crude and coal tar
pitch, bitumen, asphalt, tests for
tar and bitumen.
Books Recommended
1. Haider, S.Z. 1985 Materials of
Construction (2nd edition), Oxford
University Press, Pakistan
2. Surendra S. 1990 Engineering Materials.
Vikas Publishing House (Pvt.) Ltd.
5 Ansari Road, New Delhi 110002
3. Kulkarni, G.J. 1980. Text Book
of Engineering Materials. Union Book
Stall, M.A Jinnah Road, Karachi.
4. Zaman, M.A. 1987 A text Book of
Engineering Materials.
FS-409
Stress and strains: Stress
at a point, components of stress,
analysis of plane stress, principle
stresses, maximum shear stress, Mohr's
circle.
Axial loading: Stress
due to axial forces, strain, properties
of material under axial loading.
Bending: Bending
stresses in beams, shear and bending
moment diagrams. Combined loading:
Stresses due to axial, bending and
torsional loading.
Deflection: Moment-curvature
relationship, deflection of beams
by the method of double integration.
Deflection of beams: Double integration
method with singularity function,
area moment method, Torsion: Shearing
stress and angle of twist, hollow
and circular shafts.
Buckling: Pin ended
column, eccentrically loaded column,
initially curved column, critical
loads and critical stresses.
Curved beams: Stresses
in curved bars. Cylinders and spheres:
Stresses in thin and thick walled
cylinders. Fatigue loading: analysis
and design.
Practical
Practical exercises related to axial
loading, bending torsion and deflection
of beams. buckling, curved bars, strain
gauges and fatigue loading. Special
numerical problems and assignments.
Books Recommended
1. Muvdi, B.B. and J.W. Mcnabb. 2001.
Engineering Mechanics of Materials.
Macmillan Publishing Co. New York.
2. Shigley, J.E. and Mitchell, L.D.
1983. Mechanical Engineering Design.
McGraw Hill Book Co. New York.
FS-412
Soil bearing properties of soils and
design of foundation. Theory and design
of reinforced concrete beams, slabs
and columns. Analysis of Indeterminate
structures by the application of the
methods of three moments, slope deflection,
column analogy and conjugate beam.
Advanced problems for the determination
of slope and deflection by the application
of Castigliano's theorem. Design problems
and special numerical exercises.
Books Recommended
1. James, L. M. 1996. Concrete Technology.
McDonald and Edward
(Longman Group) London.
2. Wang, C. K. 1992. Indeterminate
Structural Analysis. McGraw Hill Book
Co., New York.
3. Kenneth, M.L. and M.U. Chia. 2005.
Fundamentals of Structural Analysis.
FS-505
Introduction: Benefits of Electricity
in agriculture, nature of electric
current, resistance and voltage, effect
of Temperature on resistance, specific
resistance, Ohm’s Law, units of power,
arrangements of resistors in series
and in parallel, Kirchoff:s Laws,
A. C circuits.
Electricity for Water Supply and Cooling:
Horse power required for pumping,
wiring devices and controls, energy
cost for water systems, refrigeration
cycle and refrigeration controls,
calculating the product load and space
load.
Electrical control: Switches, relays,
push buttons, thermostats, time switches,
floating switch, pressure switch,
electric fences. Feed processing equipments.
D.C Machines : D.C generators, shut
and series generators. Characteristics
of D.C Generators and D.C Motors,
Shunt series and Compound motors.
A. C Machines: A.C generators, A.C
Motors, Operating principles of single
and three phase motors, various types
of 3-Phase motors.
Transformers: Single and three phase
transformers Iron and Copper losses,
efficiency. emf equation, ratio of
transformation, Delta Star connection.
Electric Wiring : Farmstead distribution
system and wiring for farm buildings,
types of wiring, wiring principles
for various outlets, wiring .diagrams.
electrical supply systems. Transmission;
distribution and generation of electricity.
Practicals
Construction of Electrical circuits,
design of farmstead electrical wiring,
design of a typical farm electrification
system, characteristics of transformers,
determination of losses, efficiency
and regulation, practice on repair
and adjustment of electric motors,
electric generators, switches of various
types, fuses, relays, sensors and
remote controls .Use of D. C and A.
C motors. 3-phase induction motor
alternator, star delta connection
heavy motor starters. Use of electrical
generator. Safety measures in the
use of electrical equipments.
Books Recommended
1. Cotton.H.1995. Electrical Technology.
Pitman and Sons. London.
2. Gustafson 1993., Fundamentals of
Electricity for Agriculture Van Nostraud
Co.
3. Brown .Farm Electrification McGraw
Hill Book Co. New York .
4. Fit Zgeraid, A. E 1994, Basic Electrical
Engineering (5th Edition) McGraw Hill,
New York.
FS-502
Introduction: industrial processes,
value addition, structure and composition
of food grains and fruits, engineering
properties of agricultural materials
- physical, mechanical and thermal
properties.
Pumps: types of pumps used in the
industries, pump selection, pump laws
and performance, viscosity effects.
Fans: Classification as to type and
design of fans, fan theory, fan performance,
factors affecting fan selection, general
performance and laws, fans in series
and parallel, compression effect.
Material handling and transportation
equipment: Belt conveyors, chain conveyors,
bucket elevators, pneumatic conveyors,
gravity conveyors, augers, and trailer/
trucks.
Cleaning, Sorting and grading: Grade
factors, washing types and methods
of washing, sorting fruits and vegetables,
types of sorters, cleaning and sorting,
grading, nuts and seeds, types of
grain cleaners/sorters, aerodynamics
of small practical, types of separators,
machine vision and its applications
in grading.
Size reduction: Types of size reduction
mills; fineness modulus, value of
ground feed, size relationships, energy
requirements, size reduction procedures,
reducing devices, performance &
characteristics of size reduction
devices, mixing and types of mixers.
Cold Storages: Need of cold storages,
types of cold storages and their design,
temperature and humidity controls,
heat load, automation of cold storages,
air conditioning, aeration.
Drying: Drying and dehydration, moisture
content determinations; primary methods,
equilibrium moisture content, drying
processes, constant rate period, falling
rate period, falling rate drying mechanism,
dynamics of equilibrium moisture content,
effect of temperature upon the rate
of drying, effect of air rate upon
the rate of drying, heat and mass
balance limitation of the drying equipments,
calculations, types of driers, psychometric
chart.
Packaging Material: Packaging materials
and techniques, material properties,
packing geometries
Practical
• Determination of internal friction
and angle of repose
• Mesurement of bulk density of grains
• Measurement of grain moisture content
by oven method and moisture meter.
• Selection of fans for aeration of
bin
• Calculation of Fineness modulus
of wheat flour
• Demonstration of sieves used for
cleaning/grading
• Carrying out screen analysis of
a milling/grinding equipment
• Study of Psychrometric chart to
calculate heat transfer during aeration/drying.
• Study of dehydration characteristics
of fruits/vegetable by moisture content
vs time curve and drying rate vs moisture
content curve.
• Visit to cold storage facilities.
• Study tour to visit agricultural
processing units and plants.
Books Recommended
1. Pandey, H. H. K. Sharma, R. C.
Chauhan, B. C. Sarkar and M. B. Bera.
2004. Experiments in food process
engineering. CBS Publishers and distributers,
New Delhi, India
2. Sahay, K. M. and K. K. Singh. 2002.
Unit operation of agricultural processing.
2nd ed. Vikas Publishing House, New
Delhi, India.
3. Henderson, S.M. 1986. Agricultural
Process Engineering. The AVI Publishing
Company, Inc. Westport, Connecticut.
USA.
4. Hanlon, J. F. 1992. Handbook of
packaging engineering. 2nd ed. John
Willey and Sons, N.Y., USA
5. Myler, H. R. 1999. Fundamentals
of machine vision. Prentice Hall of
India, New Delhi.
FS-603
Definition and types of farm service
buildings, structural materials and
their uses.
Farm stead: Definition, selecting
a site for farmstead, developing a
farmstead plan, arrangement of farmstead
buildings.
Farm buildings design: Planning the
farm homes, dairy cattle housing,
poultry housing, beef and sheep housing,
care and maintenance of farm buildings.
Storage: Characteristics of grains,
fiber, fruits and vegetables, and
their structural requirements. Economic
aspects of farm buildings and structures,
estimating construction costs.
Practical
• In drafting room: Drawing layout
of farmsteads plans of various types
of farm buildings, and working drawing
of structures.
• In material testing laboratory:
Study of building materials such as
stone, clay and clay products, lime
and mortars, cement, concrete, timber,
paints and varnishes and other miscellaneous
materials.
• Local field trips to observe existing
farm structures and investigating
possibilities for improvement.
Books Recommended
1. Barnes, Amaurice M. and Mander
Clive, 2000. Farm Building Construction.
Farming Press, England.
2. Gray Horrold, E. 1985. Farm Service
Building. McGraw Hill Book Company,
New York.
3. Neubauer, L.W. and Walker H.B.
1981. Farm Building Design. Prentice
Hall Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N.J.
4. Haider, S.Z. 1985. Materials of
Construction. Oxford University Press
Pakistan.
FS-608
Introduction: Importance of cereal
grains and other food products, food
reservation, the food cycle, important
factors of food production. Properties
of Cereals: Cereal grains and their
structure, physical properties, biochemical
properties.
Factors Affecting Grain Stability:
Physical factors, biological factors,
chemical factors, thermal factors.
Post harvest Losses: Forms and measurement
of post harvest losses, measures to
control losses. Pre-storage handling
of Food Products: Physiological maturity,
harvesting, threshing, collection,
transportation, and receiving system.
Drying and Aeration: principle of
drying, solar drying, artificial drying,
types of dryers, components of dryers,
factors affecting drying rate, natural
aeration, artificial aeration, methods
of aeration, air cond ition ing/refrigeration.
Storage: Basic requirements for a
storage structure, classification
of storage structure, types of Public
storage structures, storage structure
design, temporary and permanent storage
facilities, Non-conventional storage
facilities, considerations in selecting
type of storage structure, problems
in grain storage, stored grain pests,
control methods. Grades and Standards:
Importance of grades and standards,
food quality, establishing grades
and standards, assessing the grade,
grade factors and their importance,
grading equipment, representative
sampling, WTO and its regulation regarding
quality control.
Practicals
• Measurement of moisture content
of grain, fibre, and other food products
• Measurement of size, shape, density,
specific gravity, porosity, angle
of repose, coefficient of friction,
hardness test.
• Thermal properties of biological
materials; specific heat, thermal
conductivity.
• Study of air conditioning and refrigeration
plants.
• Study of storage structures and
their specifications.
• Visits to public / private storage
structures.
Books Recommended
1. Sahay, K. M. and K. K. Singh. 2002.
Unit operation of agricultural processing.
2nd ed. Vikas Publishing House, New
Delhi, India.
2. Pandey, H. H. K. Sharma, R. C.
Chauhan, B. C. Sarkar and M. B. Bera.
2004. Experiments in food process
engineering. CBS Publishers and distributers,
New Delhi, India.
3. Toledo, R.T. 1980. Fundamentals
of food processing engineering. AVI
Pub. Co., Inc. Westport Connecticut.
4. Mohsenin, N.N. 1980. Thermal properties
of food and agricultural materials.
Gordon and Breach, N.Y., USA.
5. Mclean, K.A. 1980. Drying and storing
combinable crops. Farming Press, Ltd.
Wharfedale Road, Ipswich, Suffolk
