EE-305
Impurities in natural water, hard
water, water softening, boiler scales
and deposits, industrial, irrigation
and municipal water, metallic corrosion
and its inhibition, paints and varnishes,
fats and oils, extraction, refining
and hydrogenation of oils, sugar industry
and its by-products, nitrogenous,
phosphatic and potassic fertilizers.
Aerobic & non aerobic fermentation.
Practicals
• Determination of carbonates and
bicarbonates in industrial water
• Determination of chlorides and sulphates
in industrial water
• Determination of pH and TSS in water
• Estimation of nitrogen, phosphorus
and potassium in fertilizers
• Analysis of an oil for acid, saponification
and iodine value.
Books Recommended
1. Agarwal, O.P., A. Agarwal, 2001.
Engineering Chemistry. Khana Publishers,
India.
2. Kent, A.J. 1997. Riegel's Hand
Book of Industrial Chemistry. CBS
Publisher New Delhi, India.
3. Shreve, R.H. 1987. The Chemical
Process Industries. McGraw Hill Book
Co., New York
EE-306
Sound pressure level, frequency and
propagation, Acoustic environment
and health effects of noise, measuring
noise, noise control.
Hazardous Environmental Fundamentals:
Basic definitions, Importance of environmental
control in agriculture, Pollution
and their classification, Environmental
monitoring and control.
Water Pollution:
Sources of pollution and types, agricultural
practices and water pollution, Solute
transport phenomenon, Wise use of
water to avoid leaching, land and
water management techniques for controlling
water pollution. Subsoil contamination
Air Pollution: Types
of air pollutants, Sources of air
pollution, Global warming, Ozone depletion,
Hazardous substances, World's carbon
pollution. Horizontal and vertical
dispersion of pollutants. Cleaning
the atmosphere, Measurements of particulates,
gases and their control.
Noise Pollution:
Concept of sound
Waste and Its Management, Industrial
hazardous waste, hospital waste management,
radioactive waste management
Practical
• Measurements of pH. colour, odour,
BOD, COD, solids, nitrate of water
and waste water etc.
• Measurement of dust and fume in
the air.
• Measurement of noise level.
• Case studies exercises and assignments.
• Design of Green House and Plant
Environment Control System.
• Total coliform test in drinking
water by multiple fermentation tube
method.
Books Recommended
1. Basak, N. N. 2003. Environmental
Engineering.
2. Khandela, M.C. 2004. Environmental
Protection & Development
3. Shrivastava. K. K. 2004. Environmental
Education Principles, Concepts and
Management.
4. Kumar, A. 2004. Industrial Pollution
and Management
5. Rajvaidya. N. and D.K. Markandey.
2005. Environmental Pollution Control.
EE-405
Introduction: Definition
and concepts, irrigation and drainage
water quality, water quality terminology,
water quality objectives, quality
criteria and standards for irrigation
water carcinogenic/non carcinogenic
substances, water quality status in
Pakistan.
Water treatment: Water pollution and
their sources, water treatment techniques
i.e. coagulation, softening, mixing
and flocculation, sedimentation, filtration
etc.
Drainage Effluents and Management
Techniques: Sources of drainage water,
characteristics, quality of drainage
water, alternates for disposal of
drainage water drainage water reuse
techniques, crop management, soil
management techniques, chemical management
techniques, drainage and leaching
fractions, concepts of preferential
flow.
Agricultural chemicals and Groundwater
Contamination: Agricultural chemical,
their uses, trends and properties
concept of nitrate nitrogen and pesticides
transport; through the soils, behavior
of agricultural chemicals in flooded/water
logged soils, management practices
to avoid groundwater contamination.
Practicals
• Analysis of drainage water for irrigation
purposes.
• Waste water analysis for BOP, COD
and other chemicals.
• Visit to waste water treatment plants,
drainage system and drainage reuse
sites
• Use of computer software to assess
non-point source pollution.
Books Recommended
1. Mckenzie L. David A. Cornwell 1991.
Introduction to Environmental Engineering.
2. Tyagi, O.D. and M. Mehar, 1990.
Environmental Chemistry, Report No.
103. Agriculture and groundwater quality.
Form Council for Agricultural Science
and Technology.
3. Rosenberg, N.J. and Blad, B.L.
Microclimate. 1983. the biological
environment. 2nd edition, John Willey
and Sons, N.Y.
EE-406
Introduction: Overview of various
types of energy sources (renewable
and Non-renewable) and its use in
the country. Energy management/audit
with reference to: fertilizer (organic/inorganic),
chemical controls, irrigation, mechanization,
post harvest system and food consumption.
Technological alternative for efficient
energy management in agriculture.
Energy reclamation from agricultural
crops/wastes: Energy from biomass
production. Biogas, various types
of biogas plants. Design, installation,
operation and management of biogas
plants.
Solar Energy: Solar
system, solar radiation, b
asic earth-sun angles,
time derived solar angles, estimation
of solar radiation, radiation measurements,
solar radiation collectors, various
uses of solar energy in domestic/agriculture,
solar energy conservation
Wind energy: Wind
energy potential in the country. Application
of wind energy (domestic / agriculture).
Importance of vertical and horizontal
axis for wind mills, wind operated
pumps for water lifting.
Practical
• Estimation of energy requirements
for major crops.
• Performance/ evaluation of biogas
plants
• Estimation of solar and wind energies
• Study of different types of solar
dryers
• Performance/evaluation of wind mills.
• Analysis of engine performance for
energy conservation.
• Measurement of energy contents in
diesel, biomass, and vegetable oil
with calorimeter.
Books Recommended
1. Sorensen, B. 2004. Renewable Energy.
2004. Elsevier Academic Press, UK
2. Singh, M. P. 2005. International
Encyclopedia of energy. DAYA Publishing
House, Dehli, India
3. Rai. G. D. 2001. Solar energy utilization.
Khanna Publishers, N. Dehli, India
EE-504
Introduction: Classification and organizational
structure of agro-based industries,
plant location and site selection,
factory and plant layout, stores purpose,
location, and layout, product planning
and control, product routing, scheduling
and dispatch, productivity and work
study, time and motion study, product
quality and inspection, labour administration,
duties and responsibilities of personnel
department.
Cotton ginning mill: ginning,
weaving and working.
Sugar Mill: Definitions,
economics of sugar industry in Pakistan.
Sugar cane composition, flow diagram
of can processing, cane/sugar/juice
conveyors, extraction of juice, cane
by products, bagasse and its uses,
purification clarification of juice,
treatment of mud waste, evaporation
and crystallization. molasses and
its use, steam generation and its
uses, boiler house and boiler types.
Environmental pollution by sugar industry.
Fertilizer Factory:
Definitions, flow diagram, fertilizer
production and requirement in Pakistan,
types of fertilizers, Urea, DAP, Nitrophos,
etc. boilers used, fixation of nitrogen
and CO2 conveying equipment, fertilizer
factory emissions and their impact
on environment.
Seed processing Plant:
Definitions, grain cleaning, grading,
separation, flow diagram, Statistics
of seed processes, conveying equipment,
chemical treatments, wheat/rice storage.
Juice Extraction and Packing Plant:
Definitions, Outline of extraction
and packing processes, peeling, concentrates,
pulp making, dilution, filling, packing
and storage. Milk Plant: Processes
outline, composition of milk, heating/chilling
of milk, skimming; butter making,
milk packing.
Flour Mills: Introduction,
milling terminologies, mill flow sheet,
wheat cleaning and preparation, wheat
cleaning flow sheet, machines used
in cleaning and conditioning of wheat,
break roller machines, scalping and
purification, grinding, flour dressing
and extraction, power requirement
of flour mill, environment concerns
of flour mill.
Practicals
Study of organizational structures
of selected industries. Estimation
of power requirement in industries.
Study of different types of cleaners
and conveyors. Evaluation of different
storage structures. Agro-industrial
projects.
Books Recommended
1. Ahuja, K.K. 1994. Factory organization
and principles of management, Khanna
Publishers, Delhi.
2. Chen, James C.P. 1985. Cane Sugar
handbook. 11th ed. Jhon willey and
Sons, N.Y. Toronto, Singapore.
3. Scauchelli, V. 1980. Chemistry
and Technology of Fertilizers, Reinhold
Publishing Corporation , N.Y., Amsterdam,
London.
4. Scott, J.H. 1981. Flour Milling
processes. Chapman and Hall, Ltd.
37 Essex street, London.
EE-610
Farm Wastes: Sources and types, bio-chemical
properties of Wastes. Composition
and generation rates. Waste handling
and storage methods. Waste collection
techniques. Transfer and transportation
means and methods. Some typical wastes.
Recycling and Management: Recycling
of wastes; By products of cereals,
legumes, oilseeds, fruits and vegetables.
Crop, livestock and aquatic waste
utilization in various industries,
Fermentation of by-products and waste,
Furnaces and boilers run on agricultural
wastes and by-products, Generation
of electricity using surplus biomass.
Identification of various agricultural
wastes, study and operation of equipments
used for size reduction, digesting
and processing of wastes and by¬products.
Study and operation of equipment/machines
used for utilizing various wastes,
Incinerator. Study of techniques for
bio-gas production utilizing plant
and animal waste. Utilization of agricultural
wastes for production of manure and
animal feed.
Books Recommended
1. Jorgenser, S.E. 1992. Industrial
Waste Water Management. Elsevier Scientific
Publishing Co., USA.
2. Grundey, K. 1988. Tackling Farm
Wastes. Farming Press Ltd. Suffolk,
England.
3. Muller, Z. O. 1982. Feed from Animal
Production and Health FAO Paper No.
28.
4. Shuller, M. L. 1980. The Utilization
and Recycle of Agricultural Wastes
and Residues. CRC Press Inc. 2000
Corporate Blvd. N.W. Boca Raton Florida
USA.
5. Irena, T. and H.E. Allen. 2004.
Solid Waste Assessment Monitoring
and Remediation.
